What happens if I break the law while serving in the Defence Force?
In Plain English
If you break the law while serving in the Australian Defence Force, there are a few different ways it can be handled.
- Disciplinary Infringement: For less serious breaches, like being late for duty or disobeying a command, you might face a disciplinary infringement. This is dealt with internally by discipline officers or senior discipline officers. They can impose punishments like a fine, restriction of privileges, or a formal warning. Importantly, a disciplinary infringement is not a service offence.
- Service Offence: For more serious offences, you could be charged with a service offence under the Defence Force Discipline Act 1982. These offences are more serious and can lead to imprisonment. Examples include failing to comply with directions on a ship or aircraft, assaulting a guard, or damaging service property.
- Civilian Law: Depending on the nature of the offence, you might also be subject to civilian law, just like any other Australian citizen.
The Defence Force Discipline Act 1982 and related legislation like the Defence Legislation Amendment (Discipline Reform) Act 2021 and the Defence Act 1903 outline these processes and the types of offences and punishments that apply.
Detailed Explanation
The consequences of breaking the law while serving in the Defence Force depend on the nature and severity of the offence. The legislative framework provides for a tiered approach:
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Disciplinary Infringements:
- The Defence Legislation Amendment (Discipline Reform) Act 2021 introduced a disciplinary infringement scheme for less serious contraventions.
- These infringements are not service offences (see subsection 9D(4)).
- Examples of disciplinary infringements include being absent from duty (Defence Legislation Amendment (Discipline Reform) Act 2021 section 9DA), absent without leave for a short period (Defence Legislation Amendment (Discipline Reform) Act 2021 sections 9DB and 9DH), disobeying a lawful command (Defence Legislation Amendment (Discipline Reform) Act 2021 section 9DC), or failing to comply with a general order (Defence Legislation Amendment (Discipline Reform) Act 2021 section 9DD).
- Discipline officers and senior discipline officers can deal with these infringements (Defence Legislation Amendment (Discipline Reform) Act 2021 section 9F). A discipline officer can only deal with minor disciplinary infringements (Defence Legislation Amendment (Discipline Reform) Act 2021 subsection 9D(3)).
- Punishments for disciplinary infringements are outlined in section 9FB of the Defence Legislation Amendment (Discipline Reform) Act 2021, and may include a fine, restriction of privileges, or a formal warning. The Defence Force Discipline (Consequences of Punishment) Rules 2018 further details the consequences of certain punishments.
- The procedure for dealing with disciplinary infringements is specified by the Chief of the Defence Force (Defence Legislation Amendment (Discipline Reform) Act 2021 section 9FA).
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Service Offences:
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The Defence Force Discipline Act 1982 defines a range of service offences.
- These are more serious offences that can lead to imprisonment.
- Examples include failing to comply with a direction in relation to a ship, aircraft, or vehicle (Defence Force Discipline Act 1982 section 28), failing to comply with a general order (Defence Force Discipline Act 1982 section 29), assaulting a guard (Defence Force Discipline Act 1982 section 30), or driving a service vehicle without authorization (Defence Force Discipline Act 1982 section 40).
- Chapter 2 of the Criminal Code applies to all service offences (Defence Force Discipline Act 1982 section 10), setting out the general principles of criminal responsibility.
- Service tribunals handle service offences.
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Civilian Law:
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Defence members are also subject to civilian law. Depending on the offence, they may be dealt with by civilian authorities in addition to, or instead of, military authorities.
- For example, if a defence member commits an offence under Division 3, 4, or 5 of the Defence Amendment (Call Out of the Australian Defence Force) Act 2018, and a thing is seized from them, they may be detained for the purpose of placing the person in the custody of a member of a police force (Defence Amendment (Call Out of the Australian Defence Force) Act 2018 section 51Q).
- A member of the Defence Force may be required to comply with a direction under Division 3, 4, or 5 of the Defence Amendment (Call Out of the Australian Defence Force) Act 2018, and failure to do so is an offence (Defence Amendment (Call Out of the Australian Defence Force) Act 2018 section 51R).
It's important to note that the Defence Act 1903 also contains provisions related to offences, such as those related to defence emblems and uniforms (section 83 and 84).